Merchandise sales are allowed (conditions apply).įor more detailed rules, please view the wiki. Memes only allowed on Meme Mondays (Monday 9am UTC to Tuesday 9pm) Also, redirect all fan-covers to /r/LoveLiveCovers Redirect LLAS related posts to /r/SIFallstars. ![]() Redirect SIF related posts to /r/SchoolIdolFestival. Downloads of leaked or unreleased content are not allowed under any circumstance. More info: ĭownloads can only be posted in the comments. Only post content related to Love Live! Follow Reddiquette.įlair your posts, and all fanart must now directly be sourced to the artist and must not be hosted on imgur/reddit. Welcome to /r/LoveLive! This subreddit is dedicated to anything related to Love Live! Rules r/LoveLive Discord Channel! LoveLive!! Series Episode discussion threads ![]() While Macon has cherry blossoms, Atlanta has dogwoods and the 87th Annual Atlanta Dogwood Festival, held on April 14-16, features myriad visual artists and artisans as well as music, international acts, food, a mimosa 5K run and a kids zone.Rules Episode Discussions Yuigaoka Girl's High School Buying Merch Resources Related Subs Comment Faces Mobile Game School Idol Project a is a Japanese multimedia project co-developed by ASCII Media Works ' Dengeki G's Magazine, music label Lantis, and animation studio Sunrise. Metro Atlantans support the arts year-round, but that kicks into high gear during the spring and summer with festivals popping up all over. It is the first multimedia project in the Love Live franchise. The project revolves around a group of nine schoolgirl friends who become idols in order to save their school from. The purpose of these neighborhood festivals is to “support local and national artists,” says Fox. “Most people don’t understand that this is the way they make their living.” Even though his foundation organizes six festivals this summer, each one is distinct. “Each neighborhood is different and each festival is different. You won’t see the same artists at every single event and we have amazing food trucks and we rotate them all the time.” What you will experience at Chastain is entirely different from what you’ll get at the Fall Festival at Ponce or Duluth. The Atlanta Foundation for Public Spaces produces several neighborhood arts festivals a year including: Spring Festival on Ponce: April 1-2 Sandy Springs Artsapalooza: April 8-9 Duluth Spring Arts Festival: April 29-30 Roswell Spring Arts Festival: May 6-7 Chastain Spring Arts Festival: May 13-14 Lavender Festival (Roswell): June 3 Piedmont Park Arts Festival: Aug. For more on these festivals, check out the Atlanta Foundation for Public Spaces website at. The Alpharetta Arts Streetfest takes place May 27 with more than 100 artists from around the country. The Decatur Arts Festival takes place May 5-7 and provides a weekend of live music, dance, comedy, theatrical performances and an expansive and diverse artists’ market. Among the performers are the Unscripted Shakespeare Ensemble, CubanaSong, the Atlanta School of Burlesque and the Mike Killeen Band.ĭunwoody’s favorite fundraiser, the Lemonade Days Festival, returns April 19-23 and features food, beverages, entertainment, rides and the popular “Dunwoody Idol” contest. Ten previously selected contestants will perform and on April 22, a panel of judges will select the winner, who wins a professional recording session.įor the last 38 years the Georgia Renaissance Festival has entertained and educated audiences about the olden days with jousting, artisan marketplaces, entertainment, acrobatic daredevils, falconry and juggling.Įnjoy encounters with butterflies at the 23rd Flying Colors Butterfly Festival at the Chattahoochee Nature Center. ![]() #Love live school idol project canvas print professional# Visit with live butterflies, meet with pollinator experts and enjoy food and live entertainment.Ĭherry Blossom Festival. Sweetwater Brewing Co., 195 Ottley Drive, Atlanta.Ĥ7. Tour of Homes: $25 in advance, $30 starting. Central Park, 400 Merritts Ave., Atlanta. ![]() Bessie Branham Park, 2051 Delano Drive, Atlanta. Buy 'Love Live School Idol Project' by isma91 as a Canvas Print. Highland Avenue and Ponce de Leon Place, Atlanta.
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![]() “We hold annual career fairs and other events that allow our students to meet people working in the industries they’re interested in. “Our faculty maintain close connections with local agribusiness people, both personally and through our industry advisory board,” says Uilk. The program’s hands-on approach extends beyond the classroom, with faculty members helping students find summer internships. “I have already been able to help farming friends of mine create field input maps that help them control costs.” “I really like the data-mapping classes because they’ve helped me understand how to make all that information useful to farmers,” he says. ![]() “I wanted to major in agronomy, but after I had taken a few precision ag classes here at SDSU, I felt it was a great way to apply all the agronomy basics I was learning, so decided to double-major. The Owatonna, Minn., native didn’t grow up on a farm, but has roots in rural communities, showed livestock in 4-H and took ag classes in high school. “I definitely don’t want to spend the bulk of my workdays sitting in an office.” SDSU senior Parker Aase is one of those precision ag majors who has long known he wanted an active, ag-based career. Related: CHS Foundation announces $1.5 million gift to support SDSU precision agriculture program Opportunities in agriculture careers “In the first year it was offered, we drew students from Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Texas and Washington.” It wasn’t just Upper Midwest students attracted to the new program, notes Uilk. Today, 82 students are enrolled in the major and 57 have declared precision ag as a minor. By May 2021, the program had 36 graduates. to offer students a degree in precision ag. “He recognized the industry need and was a major driving force in fundraising and in supporting curricular development,” says Uilk.īy 2015, the college had introduced a minor in precision agriculture and, in 2016, SDSU became the first land grant university in the U.S. He attributes the university’s rapid progress in developing the program to Barry Dunn, then dean of the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences and now SDSU president. Equipment dealers, cooperative managers and ag bankers all said they wanted ag graduates with a better understanding of the field. “We saw the need everywhere for more focused coursework on precision ag philosophy and tools. The journey began when SDSU started to expand its ag systems technology major in 2009, recalls Nic Uilk, precision ag instructor. The new Raven Precision Agriculture Center features 15 teaching labs, 12 research labs and 22 collaborative spaces for use by SDSU faculty and students and ag industry partners. ![]() The buildings that were demolished were built around the same time as Grand Central, albeit unimportant to the station's function. ![]() In 2015, demolition at the site of One Vanderbilt began, starting the construction process of the skyscraper. That lawsuit was settled in August 2016, when Midtown TDR Ventures agreed to drop the suit in exchange for an undisclosed sum. Penson subsequently sued the city and SL Green for $1.1 billion. ![]() In February 2015, Vanderbilt Avenue, between 42nd and 47th Streets, was rezoned under the Vanderbilt Corridor Rezoning Text Amendment, which allows redevelopment on the corridor. The developer rejected the offer, calling it a "publicity stunt" because it valued the air rights at $600 per square foot, nearly 10 times the $61 per square foot ($660/m 2) Penson paid for it when he bought the station in 2006. Penson proposed a deal under which SL Green would pay $400 million for 1.3 million square feet (120,000 m 2) of air rights and spend another $210 million to build transportation improvements for the subway and commuter rail stations below. In its September 2014 proposal to the city, SL Green proposed to pay $400 per square foot for the air rights, then build a 1,500-foot (460 m), 67-story building, twice as big as the zoning rules permitted. When plans for One Vanderbilt were publicly announced, Andrew Penson-the founder of Midtown TDR Ventures, which owned the land under Grand Central Terminal-threatened to sue for $1 billion in a dispute concerning the air rights above the terminal's underground tracks. A projected completion date of 2020 was revealed in December 2014. One Vanderbilt also received unanimous approval from the New York City Council in May 2015. Since Grand Central Terminal was a New York City designated landmark, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission had to decide whether to endorse new development around the terminal, giving such approval in July 2014. Under plans released in May 2014, the skyscraper was to be 65 stories high, and the proposal came with transit improvements to Grand Central as well as a new 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m 2) pedestrian area on Vanderbilt Avenue between 42nd and 43rd Streets. Bloomberg's plans for an entire district of new high-rises were rejected in November 2013 because residents, preservationists, and local politicians complained about the prospective influx of office workers to the area, but the One Vanderbilt project moved ahead. Meanwhile, the administration of mayor Michael Bloomberg sought to redevelop the 73 blocks adjacent to Grand Central Terminal, and rezoned them in September 2013, allowing unused air rights above Grand Central Terminal to be transferred to developments on these blocks. The 1.6-million-square-foot (150,000 m 2) skyscraper's roof is 1,301 feet (397 m) high and its spire is 1,401 feet (427 m), making it the city's fourth-tallest building after One World Trade Center and the under-construction Central Park Tower and 111 West 57th Street. The tower topped out on September 17, 2019, two months ahead of schedule, and the building opened in September 2020. Proposed by New York City mayor Bill de Blasio and developer SL Green Realty as part of a planned Midtown East rezoning in the early 2010s, the tower stands immediately west of Grand Central Terminal.Ī groundbreaking ceremony for One Vanderbilt was held in October 2016. One Vanderbilt is a 67-floor supertall skyscraper at the corner of 42nd Street and Vanderbilt Avenue in midtown Manhattan, New York City. If you’re a teacher, the program helps you keep track of students’ progress. Within a short period of time, Google Classroom has become a leading education platform for students as well as teachers. Teachers can grade them whenever they’re online or connected to the program’s dashboard. These can be opened directly within Google Classroom’s interface. In addition to this, students can attach the work on a post as a DOCX file or a Google Doc. If students want to attach files with assignments, these can be sourced from the hard drive, YouTube, Google Drive, and other links in the reference and education category across the web. For instance, it’s easy to attach a link, which redirects the teacher to an authority website or a news article. Students also have the flexibility to attach files to assignments. It accepts all the assignments submitted by students on time and marks the late assignments as overdue. The learning tool automatically tracks the calendar date. In order to change these ‘settings’ you can visit the ‘Student’ section, which lets students post questions, send across assignments, and comment on posts. By default, only teachers can post announcements and assignments in the group. Students need to type this code to enter the group. The unique code to enter the classroom is located on the left-hand side of the group’s page. Each post can focus on multiple instructions, topics, and other important aspects of coursework. The primary purpose of this section is to help teachers create projects and homework. Once all the students have joined the class or entered the group, you’ll spend most of the time in the ‘Stream’ section. On the other hand, the ‘ Stream’ section in the learning tool has been designed to post announcements, assignments, questions, and feedback for students. You can either enter each email address manually to send invites or ask students to join the class with a unique code. These help educators monitor the performance of students and allowing them to organize the courses in a better way.įrom the ‘ Students’ section, teachers can directly connect with students. For teachers, there are two dedicated sections, i.e., ‘ Stream’ and ‘ Students’. The intuitive dashboard lets you navigate through all the features without much hassle. How can teachers use Google Classroom?Ĭompared to other learning software for Windows PCs, Google Classroom comes with a simple and familiar interface. Everything can be viewed and submitted to the program electronically. Similarly, students are able to keep a track of their submissions, due dates, pending tasks, etc. Most importantly, it allows teachers to follow students’ progress in real-time. The learning tool can be used to make announcements about tests, events, trips, and other aspects of student life. Google Classroom is available for multiple operating systems, including Windows 11, 10, 8.1, 8, 7, and Android. Since Google Classroom integrates well with other Google products, the application ensures a convenient, quick, and paperless way of providing educational resources, assignments, and lessons. ![]() It’s a full-fledged engagement platform, allowing seamless communication and learning. The primary objective of this education platform is to bridge the technology gap between students and teachers. ![]() This way, everything is conveniently stored in the Cloud. In addition to this, it’s possible to integrate with Google Drive and Google Docs accounts. With the program, teachers can distribute projects, hold classes, and offer feedback from a centralized dashboard. The education and learning platform encourages communication among teachers and students, while also ensuring collaboration and streamlined assignment collection. ![]() With Google Classroom, teaching becomes a purposeful, productive, and efficient experience. Students can also share resources with each other.Īssignments, lessons, and resources for learning This platform can be used to learn in a more efficient manner, and lets you start discussions with students or send announcements. Google Classroom download focuses on paperless workflows, which let teachers review, mark, and create assignments from a single dashboard. With this free learning software, teachers and students can easily connect online to share assignments, lessons, resources, and other information. Compared to ActiveInspire, Udemy, Preply, and other similar tools, Google offers integrations with various learning-based apps and websites, including Discovery Education,, the American Museum of Natural History, etc. Google Classroom has been specifically developed for teachers and students in K-12 and higher education. The program is available as part of the G Suite, and integrates with Gmail, Google Drive, Google Calendar, and other applications. Google Classroom is a free, easy-to-use, and comprehensive education platform from the IT giant. ![]() ![]() The only caveat here are the processing rates for different types of payments. There are custom invoice templates, and the option to set up payment milestones, as well as multi-package estimates. You can send invoices via email, text or a link. ![]() If you’re not concerned with scaling (projects and clients) for the time being, then Square Invoice can be a good choice for you.Īs a part of their free plan, they offer unlimited invoicing for an unlimited number of users and customers. Square invoice is a great software for freelancers and small businesses who value simplicity most of all. Perhaps its biggest drawing points are its ease of use and the fact that nowadays, individuals are more inclined towards businesses that have PayPal as an integrated payment solution. PayPal is a great solution for businesses of any size. This way, you’ll be able to quickly select the correct item when creating the invoice. If your business mostly sells products, you can make use of the “Categorize your sales” option and create groups of items you sell. You have the option to bill and invoice recurrently if you run a subscription-based business.įor monthly, quarterly, or yearly reports, you can create custom statements for any period, sales and summaries, chargebacks, audits, and access your tax documents. This free invoice app also boasts some of the best data security, as well as payment fraud protection. When it comes to invoicing, PayPal offers customizable invoicing, in-person payments, mobile invoicing, and ACH payment processing, to name a few. Its ease of use, massive integrations and adaptability to businesses of any size make it a long-standing contender. PayPal is an online payment service currently being used by around 30 million businesses. Bonus app - Clockify (Time Tracking + Invoicing). The law says that 16 and 17 year olds can legally have sex but, as they are legally children, they are given more protection in law. Sex between adults must be consensual to be lawful. The law says that people are adults when they get to 18 years of age. If someone has learning difficulties, they might not be able to consent either – it depends on their understanding of what is happening.Īll of this means that everyone has the responsibility to make sure that the person they want to have sex with is really consenting and is making this choice without any pressure or fear. If someone is asleep, or has had too much to drink or taken drugs to the extent that they can no longer make choices, then they cannot consent. This means that people must be awake and in a state where they can make an informed decision for themselves. The law also says that people need capacity to consent. You can’t assume someone is consenting – you must make sure. Just because someone has ‘frozen’ does not mean they are consenting. This is something dictated by the brain which people don’t have control over. Often someone’s response to threat and sexual violence is to ‘freeze’. If someone feels frightened, threatened or intimidated, then they cannot freely consent. ![]() This means no one should be made to have sex. The law says that consenting to sex has to be given freely. This includes vaginal, anal and oral sex, masturbation of yourself or someone else, touching someone’s genitals or body in a sexual way, sexual touching on top of clothes, foreplay and kissing. Consent is the same for all genders and sexualities: if you want to do something sexual with someone, then both of you must agree. When we talk about ‘sex’, we mean any sexual activity. Read the Law: Md.Consent means giving your permission or agreeing to something, in this case sex. Victim under 14, Defendant four years older than victim - It is third degree sexual offense (a felony, for which you can go to prison for up to 10 years) to engage in sexual contact with someone under the age of 14, if you are at least 4 years older than the victim.Intentional touching of intimate areas for sexual pleasure or for abuse, see legal definition at Md. Code, Criminal Law 3-301(e). Read the Law: Md. Code, Criminal Law 3-308 Victim age 14-15, Defendant four years older than victim, but under 21 - It is a fourth degree sexual offense (a misdemeanor, for which you can go to prison for up to 1 year and be fined up to $1,000) to engage in a sexual act with someone who is 14 or 15, if you are at least 4 years older than the victim, but not yet 21.Victim age 14-15, Defendant age 21 or older - It is third degree sexual offense (a felony, for which you can go to prison for up to 10 years) to engage in a sexual act with someone who is 14 or 15, if you are 21 or older. ![]() Read the Law: Md. Code, Criminal Law 3-304
![]() The reality is that there is no definitive answer to this question. Some people believe that they can, while others claim that this cannot be confirmed. There is a lot of discussion surrounding the topic of whether or not bearded dragons can feel emotions. Most bearded reptile owners report that their pets display emotions such as curiosity, remorse, happiness, boredom, or sadness. In fact, there is a lot of talk among the scientific community and animal rights groups regarding the sentience of animals. While most reptiles are usually aloof and indifferent to being held, bearded dragons seem to be an exception. Honestly, the jury is still out on this one as you will get different answers depending on who you ask. If you’re considering getting a bearded dragon as a pet, make sure you provide plenty of opportunities for them to cuddle with you and with each other! Can Bearded Dragons Feel Emotions? You should however fight this instinct as overhandling any pet is not good for their independence or development. Their cuddles are very addictive and you’re likely to find yourself wanting to handle your bearded dragon more and more. They also respond positively to being scratched gently around the ear, the chin, and the top of the head. They like to snuggle into people’s laps and necks as those body parts are usually warm. They’ve also been seen resting their chins on their mates’ backs in a gesture that could be interpreted as affectionate. For one, Bearded Dragons have been observed snuggling up to each other and gently rubbing their heads together. There are some clues that suggest Bearded Dragons may enjoy cuddling. Personally, I’d say that they enjoy it because they seem to do it without being prompted. This is because Bearded Dragons don’t have facial expressions, so it’s difficult for humans to tell when a cuddle is producing a positive emotion. Bearded dragons cuddle a lot, but whether they enjoy cuddling or not is still a bit of mystery. This makes them an interesting addition to any family. They come in a wide range of colors, including red, yellow, orange, and green. They are also easy to care for, requiring only a few basic supplies.īearded Dragons come in a variety of colors. They are generally calm and do not require a lot of attention. Inspect the tank every one or two weeks and clean it more thoroughly if necessary.īearded Dragons are docile and easy to care for. You only need to do these things once a day. To keep its home clean, all you need to do is clean out any food leftovers and droppings, and change out its drinking water. ![]() All you need to do is ensure that its enclosure is a good setup for sleep, exercise, feeding and that it has appropriate temperature and lighting. ![]() It’s the kind of pet You can leave at home without worrying, whether you are at work or out running errands. They also don’t require specialized care, which makes them great pets for anyone with a busy schedule. They can live up to 15 years, which gives you many years to enjoy your pet companion. Bearded dragons are also social and like to explore around the home or even go out for a walk. Older Bearded Dragons are calmer than younger ones and are overall difficult to provoke. They are passive pets, calm, and quite peaceful. Bearded dragons are great to keep as pets. In this blog post, we will discuss the pros and cons of keeping Bearded Dragons as pets and help you decide if they are the right choice for you! Are Bearded Dragons Great To Keep as Pets?Īre Bearded Dragons great to keep as pets? Yes. If you are considering adding a Bearded Dragon to your family, there are some things you need to know before making your decision. They are docile, easy to care for and come in a variety of colors. Bearded Dragons make great pets for a variety of reasons. ![]() However, cockatoos are well worth their cost, as they will prove to be amazing companions over the years. Also, apart from the initial costs, there are monthly costs which include health costs, especially if the bird is always sickly. Depending on the bird you want to adopt, you may see the cost running from hundreds to thousands of dollars. ![]() ![]() Related read: Yellow-Tailed Black CockatooĬockatoos are a bit expensive to maintain, especially in the initial stages of acquiring the bird, where you have to cater for the bird, the cage, and insurance costs.Remember, cheap may sometimes be expensive, and you may end up replacing or constantly repairing the bird’s cage or perch. You can buy in bulk at a wholesale price remember to keep the diet as healthy as possible, with a small number of treats.Īlso, ensure you get strong, sturdy, and quality bird products, including cages and perches. The kind of diet you provide for your bird can also go a long way in saving you some money on medical expenditure. This may cut down on the cost of buying a ready-made cage. You can build the cage and customize it by yourself. Ensure you get value for your money and buy quality materials for the pet.Īvoid any lead and zinc-based toys and chewable things the cockatoo may indulge in as they may pose some health hazard. Initial costs will mainly be mostly one-tie purchases, which will be knocked off on several of your next purchases, making it more affordable to keep the bird. You will also need a few accessories, toys, and grooming supplies, valued at around $200. The cage will be something spacious and well-built for the birds’ comfort you can get it from anywhere between $200 and $2,000. As stated, the cost will start from $1,000, depending on the species and rarity of the cockatoo. The cockatoo initial costs will include several things such as the bird’s cost, cage, and cage accessories. Image Credit: slowmotiongli, Shutterstock These numbers are just estimates but can help you get an approximation of the purchase over the years. With the initial cost of purchase, you can expect the cockatoo price to run up between $375 and $16,000, with each additional year costing you up to between $405 and $780. However, some costs will only be one time, including the cage and the bird, if you are paying up front. This makes for quite a big decision, but this is the perfect article to provide some all-around information about the cost of owning one whenever you are ready.īringing in a New Cockatoo: One-Time Costsĭue to the extended lifespan, a cockatoo may cost a bit of money, especially during the initial stages of acquiring the bird. You can expect to spend between $200–$1,000 per month. On top of this, you must consider the kind of diet they will need throughout their lives, plus medical expenses. Ranging between medium-sized and big, they will require a spacious cage with toys, which will need to be regularly added to the list. However, you have to ask yourself a couple of questions before deciding to adopt a pet cockatoo.įor one, cockatoos live up to 50–60 years on average! They are also quite demanding birds. Well, great idea! Birds are amazing, and if well taken care of, will provide great companionship over the years. If you are reading this article, you most likely have or are getting a bird for a pet. Cockatoos are mostly referred to as ‘Velcro’ birds due to their friendly nature and need to be around humans. They have beautiful crest feathers varying in color from grey, white, to pink. If you have questions regarding this baby, or any others that we have available, please give us a call! Feel free to follow us on Facebook for more pictures, videos and information.Cockatoos are one of the most loving, social, and intelligent birds any bird lover could have. They are weaned onto fruits and veggies, a soak and sprout mix we make here in store, high variety seed that we also make here in store, and naturally colored pellet. Every hand fed baby is weaned on to a high variety diet. Prior to taking a bird home, we will provide information on proper housing, creating a safe environment, diet, behavior, hormones and much more. We work very hard to help educate our customers on parrot companionship. At Parrot Stars we focus on education, nutrition, and conservation. Ideally, the minimum cage size for this bird would be 36’’ long, 24’’ wide and 66’’ high with ¾’’ wire spacing. ![]() Bare Eyes may be one of the smaller species of cockatoos but they have an enormous personality. Cockatoos require caging that can house lots of toys, perching and activities. A Bare Eyed would do well in a home that can offer lots of time and affection. They are goofy, playful and very high energy birds. Baby Bare Eyed Cockatoo (Cacatua sanguinea) Available! Bare Eyed Cockatoos can be very sweet, affectionate birds. ![]() There is no limit to the number of raffle tickets an individual can purchase.In the past two years, the NHLC held raffles with the full Van Winkle bourbon lineup as the prize, raising $150,000. 6), and two tickets to the Distiller's Showcase of Premium Spirits (Nov. 5), two tickets to the Women of Whiskey & Spirits event (Nov. In addition to the 10 bottles, the prize also includes airfare for two to New Hampshire, hotel accommodations for three nights, two tickets to a Pappy Van Winkle Family tasting dinner (Nov. With the raffle, the NHLC aims to raise $200,000 for Best Buddies New Hampshire, a nonprofit dedicated to help those with intellectual and developmental disabilities.And if you think the odds will be against you, bear in mind that the NHLC is capping the entries at 2,000 tickets, available for purchase through October 4 or when they sell out. residents are eligible-but the bottles must be retrieved in person in Manchester, New Hampshire. You don't have to live in New Hampshire to enter-all U.S. Stagg, Eagle Rare 17 year old bourbon, Sazerac 18 year old rye, and Thomas H. A $100 raffle ticket buys one entry to win a bottle of each the following: Old Rip Van Winkle 10 year old, Van Winkle Special Reserve 12 year old, Pappy Van Winkle Family Reserve 15 year old, 20 year old, and 23 year old, William Larue Weller, George T. The New Hampshire Liquor Commission (NHLC) is raffling off the whiskey haul to raise money for a good cause. It could be a dream come true: all the Van Winkle bourbons and the entire Buffalo Trace Antique Collection for just $100. ![]() ACERT stands for “Advanced Combustion Emissions Reduction Technology”. The CAT C7 includes the ACERT technology which is an air/fuel management system to control NOx emissions regulations. The two options include a taller aluminum piston with a 1.811 wrist pin for 230 hp and higher versions and a shorter 1.52 diameter one piece steel piston for engine configurations below 210 hp. Horsepower is the determining factor when choosing the piston configuration in the CAT C7. There are also various sizes and configuration of the connecting rods depending on the piston used in the engine. The connecting rods in the Caterpillar C7 ACERT are not forged, liked the CAT 3126, but consist of powdered metal with a fractured cap design. The connecting rods and crankshaft share the same journal sizes but are slight different in terms of cast size and shape. When examining the crankshaft and rods the common differences between the CAT 3126 and the CAT C7 include smaller crankshaft counterweights to include the lighter weight piston design. The oil pump and water pump are also larger to accommodate the need to lubricate/cool more moving parts. Some speculate that the reason for the wider gear teeth is so that the gear designs can’t be interchanged with older CAT 3126 and CAT 3116 versions. The front gear train is mostly the same except for the gears which have fewer teeth and a more robust design. The most noticeable difference between the CAT 3126 and CAT C7 is within the valve train. The cylinder heads are slightly different in the common rail design, still 3 valves per cylinder but there is no oil rail cast in the CAT C7 cylinder head. Other similarities between the CAT 3126 and CAT C7 include the same bore and stroke at 4.330 and 5.000 respectively. Using an advanced 120 pin connection the amount of information the computer was able to process was astronomical. The ECM is the same hardware as previous electronic engine generations just upgraded to handle more systems. The CAT C7 was really the first heavy duty diesel engine to offer a greatly expanded ECM or electronic computer module. The electronic configuration was also more robust to offer better fuel management and electronic sensors into the engine. Using a staged fuel distribution ratio helps improve engine combustion which ultimately reduces emissions ouput. The HEUI injector allows for multiple injections at different metered rates. The engine configuration was the same as the 3126 but the fuel system changed using a new engineered style known as the HEUI injector. The CAT C7 shares many common configurations with the CAT 3126. Older CAT engines like the 3116 or 3126 were essentially grandfathered into the older tier rating requirements and did not need to be upgraded. The Caterpillar C7 was released in 2003, only months ahead of the Tier 4 ratings change, and replaced the popular 3126 model. The stricter Tier 4 emissions requirements went into effect January 1, 2004. Caterpillar, needed to produce a new engine that was going to meet or exceed the Tier Ratings enacted by the EPA in 1994 to curb diesel engine emissions. The Caterpillar C7 was designed mostly out of necessity vs. mostly box tucks, tow trucks, daycabs, and straight trucks. The technical classification of a medium duty tuck is a single drive axel with a gross vehicle weight of 18,000-33,000 lbs. Paccar, Freightliner, Ford and GMC all purchased the engine in droves. ![]() ![]() All of the big players in the trucking industry hopped on board hoping the CAT C7 was going to live up to the hype. The engine was produced from 2003 to 2009 and was installed primarily in over the road medium duty class 8 trucks. However, sometimes things don’t go according to plan. The Caterpillar C7 Engine was supposed to be the “golden child” in Caterpillar diesel engine lineup one that combined raw horsepower with computer controlled clean emissions. At the turn of the century there was a lot of buzz around a new diesel engine being produced at Caterpillar, one that could meet the growing emissions requirements enacted by the EPA. |